copper alternating with insulating layers). Among the multi-layer PCBs, the most common are the four-layer ones. The four-layer board has many more routing options in the internal layers compared to the two-layer board, and often part of the internal layers are used as a ground plane or power plane, to electronice placute circuite achieve better
on a flat surface) that provide electrical connections on that electronice circuite placute conductive layer. Another manufacturing process adds plated or metallized holes that allow interconnections between layers. PCBs mechanically support electronic components using pads for bonding the component terminals and electrically connect them using traces of one or more layers of
layer of the PCB and has the role of a reference indicator for the components on the PCB. Graphics and text on a circuit board's PCB are usually printed with a non-conductive permanent epoxy ink. The color is usually white, although other colors are available: