controlled impedance, the impedance will be controlled by acting on the dimensions of the tracks and the distance between them, i.e. the insulation. For a multilayer printed circuit with a imprimat producere circuit specific stack-up, it must be taken into account that the internal tracks with controlled impedance are shielded by copper
for passing connections between layers of copper as solid conductive areas for electromagnetic shielding or other purposes. Each of the conductive layers is designed with copper tracks (similar to wires on a flat surface) that provide electrical connections on that conductive layer. Another manufacturing process adds plated or metallized holes that allow circuit imprimat producere interconnections between layers.
transmission lines can be laid out in a planar form, such as stripline or microstrip, with dimensions carefully controlled to ensure consistent impedance. In RF and fast switching circuits, the inductance and imprimat producere circuit capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant, usually unwanted, circuit elements;