power supply decoupling. In multilayer boards, layers of material are laminated together in an alternating sandwich: copper, substrate, copper, substrate, copper, etc.; each layer of cablaje imprimate copper is etched and any internal sleepers (which will not extend to both outer surfaces of the finished multilayer board)
conductive layers is designed with copper tracks (similar cablaje imprimate to wires on a flat surface) that provide electrical connections on that conductive layer. Another manufacturing process adds plated or metallized holes that allow interconnections between layers. PCBs mechanically support electronic components using pads for bonding the component terminals and electrically connect them using traces of
printed circuits, transmission lines can be laid out in a planar form, such as cablaje imprimate stripline or microstrip, with dimensions carefully controlled to ensure consistent impedance. In RF and fast switching circuits, the inductance and capacitance of the printed circuit board conductors become significant, usually unwanted, circuit elements;